工字钢主要分为普通工字钢、轻型工字钢和宽翼缘工字钢。按翼缘与腹板高度比又分为宽幅、中幅、窄幅宽翼缘工字钢。前两者生产的规格为10-60号，即相应的高度为10-60cm。
I-beams are mainly divided into ordinary I-beams, light I-beams, and wide flange I-beams. According to the height ratio of the flange to the web, it is further divided into wide, medium, and narrow width flange I-beams. The specifications produced by the first two are sizes 10 to 60, which corresponds to a height of 10-60cm.
在相同高度下，轻型工字钢翼缘窄、腹板薄、重 量轻。宽翼缘工字钢又称H型钢，断面特点是两腿平行，且腿内侧没有斜度。它属于经济断面型钢，是在四辊万能轧机上轧制的，所以又称“万能工字钢”。普通工字钢、轻型工字钢已经形成国家标准。
At the same height, lightweight I-beams have narrow flanges, thin web plates, and light weight. Wide flange I-beam, also known as H-beam, has a cross-sectional feature where the legs are parallel and there is no inclination on the inside of the legs. It belongs to the economic section steel and is rolled on a four high universal rolling mill, so it is also known as the "universal I-beam". Ordinary I-beam and light I-beam have already formed national standards.
工字钢如名所示，是一种“工”字形截面型钢，上下翼缘内表面有倾斜度，一般为1：6，使得翼缘外薄而内厚，因此造成工字钢在两个主平面的截面特性相差巨大，在应用中难以发挥刚才的强度特性。虽然工字钢市场上上也出现了加厚工字钢，但工字钢的结构已经决定了其抗扭性能短板。
I-beam, as the name suggests, is a type of "I-shaped" cross-sectional steel with an inclination of 1:6 on the inner surface of the upper and lower flanges, making the flanges thin on the outside and thick on the inside. As a result, the cross-sectional characteristics of I-beam in the two main planes differ greatly, making it difficult to fully utilize the strength characteristics of the previous section in application. Although thickened I-beams have also appeared in the I-beam market, the structure of I-beams has determined their short torsional performance.
H型钢
H-shaped steel
H型钢是一种截面面积分配更加优化、强重比更加合理的经济断面高效型材，因其断面与英文字母“H”相同而得名。由于H型钢的各个部位均以直角排布，因此H型钢在各个方向上都具有抗弯能力强、施工简单、节约成本和结构重量轻等优点，已被广泛应用。
H-beam is an economical and efficient profile with a more optimized cross-sectional area distribution and a more reasonable strength to weight ratio, named after the same section as the English letter "H". Due to the fact that all parts of H-beam are arranged at right angles, H-beam has advantages such as strong bending resistance, simple construction, cost savings, and light structural weight in all directions, and has been widely used.
动图封面
Moving Picture Cover
H型钢是当今钢结构建筑中应用广泛的型材，它与工字钢相比有很多区别。首先是翼缘，其次翼缘内表面没有倾斜度，上下表面平行。H型钢的截面特性要明显优于传统的工字钢、槽钢和角钢。
H-beam is a widely used profile in steel structure buildings today, and it has many differences compared to I-beam. Firstly, there is the flange, and secondly, the inner surface of the flange has no inclination, and the upper and lower surfaces are parallel. The cross-sectional characteristics of H-beams are significantly superior to traditional I-beams, channel steels, and angle steels.
H型钢的两条外边内侧没有斜度，是平直的。这使得H型钢的焊接拼接比工字钢操作简单，单位重量的力学性能更好，可以节省大量的材料和施工时间。工字钢截面受直压力好，耐拉，但是截面尺寸因翼板太窄，不能抗扭。H钢则反之，两者各有优劣。
The two outer and inner edges of the H-shaped steel have no inclination and are straight. This makes the welding and splicing of H-shaped steel easier to operate than I-shaped steel, with better mechanical properties per unit weight, which can save a lot of materials and construction time. The I-beam section has good resistance to direct pressure and tension, but the section size cannot resist torsion due to the narrow wing plate. H steel, on the other hand, has its own advantages and disadvantages.
H型钢与工字钢的区别和用途说明
Differences and usage instructions between H-beam and I-beam
1、工字型钢不论是普通型还是轻型的，由于截面尺寸均相对较高、较窄，故对截面两个主袖的惯性矩相差较大，因此，一般仅能直接用于在其腹板平面内受弯的构件或将其组成格构式受力构件。对轴心受压构件或在垂直于腹板平面还有弯曲的构件均不宜采用，这就使其在应用范围上有着很大的局限。
1. I-shaped steel, whether ordinary or lightweight, has relatively high and narrow cross-sectional dimensions, resulting in a significant difference in the moment of inertia between the two main sleeves of the cross-section. Therefore, it can generally only be directly used for components that are bent in the plane of its web or to form a lattice load-bearing component. It is not suitable to use axial compression components or components with bending perpendicular to the web plane, which limits their application range.
2、H型钢属于高效经济裁面型材(其它还有冷弯薄壁型钢、压型钢板等)，由于截面形状合理，它们能使钢材更高地发挥效能，提高承裁能力。不同于普通工字型的是H型钢的翼缘进行了加宽，且内、外表面通常是平行的，这样可便于用高强度螺栓和其他构件连接。其尺寸构成合理系列，型号齐全，便于设计选用（除了吊车梁用工字型钢） 。
2. H-shaped steel belongs to efficient and economical cutting profiles (including cold-formed thin-walled steel, profiled steel plates, etc.). Due to their reasonable cross-sectional shape, they can enhance the efficiency of the steel and improve its cutting capacity. Unlike ordinary I-beams, the flange of H-beams has been widened, and the inner and outer surfaces are usually parallel, making it easier to connect with high-strength bolts and other components. Its size composition is reasonable and the series is complete, making it convenient for design and selection (except for I-shaped steel used for crane beams).
3、H型钢的翼缘都是等厚度的，有轧制截面，也有由3块板焊接组成的组合截面。工字钢都是轧制截面，由于生产工艺差，翼缘内边有1：10坡度。Ｈ型钢的轧制不同于普通工字钢仅用一套水平轧辊，由于其翼缘较宽且无斜度(或斜度很小)，故须增设一组立式轧辊同时进行辊轧，因此，其轧制工艺和设备都比普通轧机复杂。国内可生产的大轧制H型钢高度为800ｍｍ，超过了只能是焊接组合截面。
3. The flanges of H-shaped steel are of equal thickness, with rolled sections and composite sections composed of three welded plates. I-beams are all rolled sections, and due to poor production technology, there is a 1:10 slope on the inner edge of the flange. The rolling of H-beam steel is different from ordinary I-beam steel, which only uses one set of horizontal rollers. Due to its wide flange and no slope (or very small slope), it is necessary to add a set of vertical rollers for rolling at the same time. Therefore, its rolling process and equipment are more complex than ordinary rolling mills. The maximum height of rolled H-beam that can be produced domestically is 800mm, which can only be welded composite sections.
4. 工字钢的边长小，高度大，只能承受单方向的力。
4. The side length of I-beams is small and the height is large, and they can only withstand forces in a single direction.
5. H型钢槽深，厚度大，可以承受两个方向的力。
5. The H-shaped steel groove is deep and thick, and can withstand forces in two directions.
6. 随着钢结构建筑的发展需要，只有工字钢是不行的，就是加厚工字钢，用于承重柱容易失稳。
6. With the development of steel structure buildings, only I-beams are not feasible, that is, thickened I-beams, which are prone to instability when used for load-bearing columns.
7. 工字钢只能用于横梁，而H型钢才能用于结构的承重柱。
7. I-beams can only be used for beams, while H-beams can only be used for load-bearing columns in structures.
8.H型钢是一种断面力学性能较工字钢优良的经济型断面钢材，因其断面的形状与英文字母“H”相同而得名。热轧H型钢的翼缘比工字钢宽、侧向刚度大、抗弯能力强。同等规格下H型钢理重较工字钢轻。
8. H-shaped steel is an economical section steel with superior mechanical properties compared to I-shaped steel, named after its section shape that is the same as the English letter "H". The flange of hot-rolled H-beam is wider than that of I-beam, with greater lateral stiffness and stronger bending resistance. Under the same specifications, H-shaped steel has a lighter weight than I-shaped steel.
9. 工字钢翼缘是变戴面靠腹板部厚，外部薄；H型钢的翼缘是等戴面。
9. The flange of the I-shaped steel is thicker at the web part of the wearing surface and thinner on the outside; The flange of H-shaped steel is an equal wearing surface.
10. HW、HM、HN是H型钢的通称，H型钢是焊制；HW、HM、HN是热轧。
10. HW, HM, and HN are general terms for H-shaped steel, which is welded; HW, HM, and HN are hot-rolled.
11. HW是H型钢高度和翼缘宽度基本相等；主要用于钢筋砼框架结构柱中钢芯柱，也称劲性钢柱；在钢结构中主要用于柱。
11. HW means that the height and flange width of H-shaped steel are basically equal; Mainly used for steel core columns in reinforced concrete frame structures, also known as rigid steel columns; Mainly used for columns in steel structures.
12. HM是H型钢高度和翼缘宽度比例大致为1.33~1.75；主要在钢结构中：用做钢框架柱，在承受动力荷载的框架结构中用做框架梁。例如：设备平台。
12. HM is the ratio of H-beam height to flange width, which is approximately 1.33-1.75; Mainly used in steel structures: as steel frame columns, and as frame beams in frame structures under dynamic loads. For example: device platform.
13. HN 是H型钢高度和翼缘宽度比例大于等于2，主要用于梁；工字钢的用途相当于HN型钢。
13. HN refers to the ratio of H-shaped steel height to flange width greater than or equal to 2, mainly used for beams; The use of I-shaped steel is equivalent to that of HN shaped steel.
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