1、碳;含碳量越高，刚的硬度就越高，但是它的可塑性和韧性就越差.

1. Carbon; The higher the carbon content, the higher the hardness, but the poorer its plasticity and toughness

2 、硫;是钢中的有害杂物，含硫较高的钢在高温进行压力加工时，容易脆裂，通常叫作热脆性。

2. Sulfur; It is a harmful impurity in steel. Steel with high sulfur content is prone to brittle fracture during high temperature pressure processing, commonly known as thermal brittleness.

3 、磷;能使钢的可塑性及韧性明显下降，特别的在低温下更为严重，这种现象叫作冷脆性.在优质钢中，

3. Phosphorus; It can significantly reduce the plasticity and toughness of steel, especially at low temperatures, and this phenomenon is called cold brittleness In high-quality steel,

硫和磷要严格控制.但从另方面看，在低碳钢中含有较高的硫和磷，能使其切削易断，对改善钢的可切削性是有利的.

Sulfur and phosphorus must be strictly controlled On the other hand, low-carbon steel contains high levels of sulfur and phosphorus, which can make it easy to cut and improve its machinability

4 、锰;能提高钢的强度，能消弱和消除硫的不良影响，并能提高钢的淬透性，含锰量很高的高合金钢(高锰钢)具有良好的耐磨性和其它的物理性能.

4. Manganese; It can improve the strength of steel, weaken and eliminate the adverse effects of sulfur, and enhance the hardenability of steel. High alloy steel (high manganese steel) with high manganese content has good wear resistance and other physical properties

5 、硅;它可以提高钢的硬度，但是可塑性和韧性下降，电工用的钢中含有一定量的硅，能改善软磁性能.

5. Silicon; It can increase the hardness of steel, but its plasticity and toughness decrease. Electrical steel contains a certain amount of silicon, which can improve its soft magnetic properties

6 、钨;能提高钢的红硬性和热强性，并能提高钢的耐磨性.

6. Tungsten; It can improve the red hardness and thermal strength of steel, as well as enhance its wear resistance

7 、铬;能提高钢的淬透性和耐磨性，能改善钢的抗腐蚀能力和抗氧化作用.

7. Chromium; It can improve the hardenability and wear resistance of steel, as well as enhance its corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance